Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
He
said, “The sun rises in the east” - He said that the sun rises in the east
Dalam reported speech, bila present
tense diubah ke dalam past tense dengan peraturan I, kata sifat, kata kerja
atau kata keterangan umumnya diubah:
Direct
Speech
this
= ini
these
= ini
come
= datang
here
= di sini, ke sini
hence
= dari sini
hither
= ke tempat ini
ago
= yang lalu
now
= sekarang
today
= hari ini
tomorrow
= besok
yesterday
= kemarin
last
night = tadi malam
next
week = minggu depan
thus
= begini
contoh :
He
said, “I will come here”.
|
Indirect Speech
that = itu
those = itu
go = pergi
there = di sana, ke sana
thence = dari sana
thither = ke tempat itu
before = lebih dahulu
then = pada waktu itu
that day = hari itu
next day = hari berikutnya
the previous day = sehari sebelumnya
the previous night = semalam
sebelumnya
the following week = minggu
berikutnya
so = begitu
He said that he would go there
|
Akan
tetapi kalau this, here, now dan sebagainya menunjukan pada benda, tempat atau waktu
ketika berbicara, maka tidak dilakukan perubahan.
Agus
said, “This is my pen”. - Agus said that this was his pen
(ketika
berbicara pena berada di tangan pembicara)
Peraturan II
1) Bila reported speech kalimat berita
Dengan peraturan ini reporting verb
dianggap dalam present atau future tense tertentu dan kapan saja ini terjadi,
bentuk waktu dari kata kerja dalam reported speech tidak diubah sama sekali
dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech.
Reporting
verb - Reported speech
Present
tense - Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)
Direct
: She says to her friend, ” I have been writing
“.
Indirect
: She says to her friend that he has been
writing. (tidak berubah)
Direct
: She has told you, ” I am reading
“.
Indirect
: She has told you that he is
reading. (tidak berubah)
Direct
: She will say, ” You have done
wrongly “.
Indirect
: She will tell you that you have
done wrongly. (tidak berubah)
Direct
: She will say,” The boy wasn’t
lazy “.
Indirect
: She will tell them that the boy
wasn’t lazy. (tidak berubah)
2) Bila reported speech merupakan
kalimat tanya
a) Reporting verb say atau tell diubah
menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika
pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan.
 Direct
He
said to me, “Where are you going?”
He said to me, “What are you doing?”
|
Indirect
He asked me where I was going
He inquired of me
what I was doing
|
b) Dengan menggunakan if
atau
whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech
dan mengubah tenses, jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata
kerja diberitakan :
 Direct
He
said to me, “Are you going
away
today?”
 He asked me , “can
you come along?” |
Indirect
He asked me whether I was
going away that day.
He asked me if
I
could come along.
|
3) Kalimat perintah (imperative
sentences)
Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat
perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu
yang menandakan :
·
command (perintah), misalnya ordered, commanded, dsb yang berarti
menyuruh, memerintahkan.
·
precept (petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan), misalnya advised yang
berarti menasehati.
·
request (permohonan), misalnya asked yang berarti meminta, memohon.
·
entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak),
misalnya begged yang berarti meminta, memohon (dengan sangat).
·
prohibition (larangan), misalnya forbade yang
berarti melarang.
Dalam perubahannya dari kalimat
langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, modus imperatif harus diganti dengan
infinitif. Tegasnya, reported verb (kata kerja yang diberitakan atau kata kerja
dalam reported speech) harus diubah menjadi infinitive with to.
a) Command :
Direct: He said to his
servant, “Go away at once!”
Indirect:He ordered his
servant to go away at once
b) Precept :
Direct: She said to her son,
“Study hard!”
Indirect: He advised her son to
study hard
c) Request :
Direct: He said to his
friend, “Please lend me your pen!”
Indirect: He asked his friend to
be kind enough to lend him his pencil
d) Entreaty :
Direct: He said to his
master, “Pardon me, sir”
